Medical Encyclopaedia › Rosacea (short definition)
In brief: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of the face that mainly affects the cheeks, nose, chin and forehead. Typical features are episodes of flushing, visible small blood vessels and, in some people, inflammatory papules and pustules.
Causes
The exact causes have not been fully clarified. Involved are dysregulation of the blood vessels, an overreaction of the innate immune system and increased colonisation with Demodex mites. The disease usually begins in middle adulthood and more often affects people with fair skin.
Forms
A distinction is made between redness with telangiectasia, a papulopustular form with acne-like pustules (but without blackheads), tissue thickening such as rhinophyma on the nose, and involvement of the eyes with burning, dryness and inflammation of the eyelid margins.
Typical triggers
Many of those affected notice worsening due to UV radiation, heat, cold, spicy food, hot drinks, alcohol, stress or irritating cosmetics. Consistent sun protection and mild, fragrance-free skincare products are considered important cornerstones.
Treatment
Depending on the form, topical active substances such as ivermectin, metronidazole or azelaic acid may be considered, and vasoconstricting gels such as brimonidine for persistent redness. For pronounced pustules, low-dose doxycycline is often used. Visible vessels can be treated with laser or light procedures, and rhinophyma can be removed surgically or with a laser. Corticosteroid creams should not be used on the face, as they can worsen rosacea.
When to see a doctor?
A dermatological diagnosis is advisable to distinguish rosacea from acne, perioral dermatitis or lupus. If the eyes are affected, an ophthalmological examination should also be carried out.
Related terms in the encyclopaedia
Telangiectasia, Rhinophyma, Acne, Perioral dermatitis, Ivermectin, Metronidazole, Azelaic acid, Doxycycline, Sun protection factor (SPF)
Sources
- Deutsche Dermatologische Gesellschaft (DDG): S2k-Leitlinie Rosazea
- National Rosacea Society: Standard Classification and Management of Rosacea
- IQWiG: gesundheitsinformation.de – Gesundheitsinformationen des Instituts für Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit im Gesundheitswesen
Note: This article is for general information and does not replace advice, diagnosis or treatment from a doctor or pharmacist. Last updated: October 2026.