Medical Encyclopaedia › Sinusitis (short definition)
In brief: In sinusitis, the mucous membranes of the paranasal sinuses are inflamed. It usually develops as part of a cold caused by viruses and heals by itself within two weeks. If the symptoms last longer than twelve weeks, it is called chronic sinusitis.
Symptoms
Typical features are a blocked nose, purulent nasal discharge, a feeling of pressure or pain in the forehead, cheeks or between the eyes that gets worse when bending forward, and a reduced sense of smell. Headache and mild fever are also possible.
What helps
Nasal rinsing with saline solution, steam inhalation and drinking enough fluid loosen secretions. Decongestant nasal sprays improve ventilation in the short term but should not be used for longer than about a week. Painkillers such as ibuprofen or paracetamol relieve pressure and pain. Certain herbal preparations and corticosteroid nasal sprays can further reduce the symptoms.
Antibiotics
As most acute sinus infections are caused by viruses, antibiotics are rarely necessary. They may be considered in the case of very severe pain, high fever, a biphasic course with renewed worsening, or in high-risk patients.
Warning signs
Swelling or redness around the eye, visual disturbances, severe headache, neck stiffness or drowsiness are emergency signs that must be assessed by a doctor immediately.
Related terms in the encyclopaedia
Paranasal sinuses, Common cold, Nasal rinsing, Nasal spray, Nasal polyps, Eucalyptus
Sources
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allgemeinmedizin und Familienmedizin (DEGAM) und Deutsche Gesellschaft für HNO-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie (DGHNO-KHC): S2k-Leitlinie Rhinosinusitis
- IQWiG: gesundheitsinformation.de – Gesundheitsinformationen des Instituts für Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit im Gesundheitswesen
Note: This article is for general information and does not replace advice, diagnosis or treatment from a doctor or pharmacist. Last updated: October 2026.