Medical Encyclopedia: G

Gastroduodenal artery

A branch of the common hepatic artery running behind the duodenum that supplies the pylorus, duodenum and head of the pancreas. An ulcer on the back wall of the duodenum can erode it and cause life-threatening bleeding.

General practice

Family medicine: the first point of contact for all complaints, prevention and long-term care.

Glare sensitivity

Increased disturbance of vision by bright light, such as backlight or headlights at night. Common causes are cataract, corneal opacities or conditions after eye surgery.

Globe rupture

A penetrating injury to the eyeball, for example from splinters, knives or a violent blow. It is an ophthalmic emergency; the eye should be loosely covered and not pressed.

See also: Eyeball, Eye injury

Goblet cells

Mucus-producing cells in the lining of the airways and bowel. In chronic bronchitis they multiply, leading to increased sputum.

See also: Bronchitis

Ground contact time

The length of time the foot touches the ground with each step when running. Shorter contact times are often associated with higher speed and better running economy.

Gaming disorder

Behavioural addiction recognised by the WHO in which people lose control over gaming and continue despite negative consequences. The criteria usually have to be present for at least twelve months.

Genital warts (condylomata acuminata)

Warts in the genital and anal area caused by low-risk types of human papillomavirus. They are benign but contagious; HPV vaccination effectively protects against the most common types.

Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium

Unequal distribution of small ions on either side of a membrane when large, non-permeating charged particles (e.g. proteins) are on one side. It contributes to the membrane potential and the colloid osmotic pressure.

Glenoid cavity

Shallow socket of the shoulder blade that forms the shoulder joint with the head of the humerus. It is deepened by the cartilaginous labrum.

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